WO₃ electrodes by spray pyrolysis for photoelectrochemical applications: impact of W precursor and Cl incorporation.

ABSTRACT: This study explores the influence of various precursors including ammonium metatungstate (AMT) and peroxotungstic acid (PTA) in water, and tungsten hexachloride (WCl₆ in MeOH or EtOH), as well as the role of ammonium chloride incorporation on the structural, morphological, and photoelectrochemical characteristics of WO₃ layers synthesized by spray pyrolysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that films annealed at 550 °C crystallized in the monoclinic phase of WO₃ with a polycrystalline structure without amorphous parts. Different morphological features of the samples were identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM): dense grains for films formed using PTA, aggregated grains for films synthesized from AMT, smooth and uniform surfaces for films

SUBMITTER: Gomaa MM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12809387 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature