Analysis strategies for time-resolved X-ray solution scattering at high repetition rate XFEL sources.

ABSTRACT: With the start of the user program at the European XFEL in 2017, and more recently with the LCLS-II upgrade, the X-ray repetition rate at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has been pushed into the kilo- and megahertz regimes. These high X-ray repetition rates provide an increase in the integrated flux at these facilities by orders of magnitude, potentially facilitating measurements that were previously infeasible due to signal-to-noise constraints. However, the high repetition rates lead to new challenges for sample delivery and a shorter time for the sample to recover between X-ray pulses. For solution-phase techniques, the X-ray-sample interactions will strongly perturb or even vaporize the sample jet. Although the sample can be replenished, up to X-ray repetition rates of ∼100 kHz, by

SUBMITTER: Haubro ML 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12809521 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature