Simultaneous detection of lymphocytes and tumor cells <i>in vivo</i> in response to STING-TLR9 immunotherapy with Raman active multiplexed gold nanostars.

ABSTRACT: Immunotherapies show heterogeneous response in patients and identifying those likely to benefit from these therapies remains challenging. This is in part because histopathology, the current clinical standard, cannot accurately predict response. Dynamic changes occur in both tumor cells and immune cells in vivo during and after treatment which are not captured by histopathology or by single biomarker imaging. To address this urgent need, this study leverages multiplexed profiling of both CD8⁺ T cells and VEGFR2⁺ expressing tumor cells in 4T1 murine breast cancer tumors with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) using multiplexed gold nanostars (MGNs). MGNs are conjugated with antibodies targeting each cell type and Raman labels to enable multiplexing. Real

SUBMITTER: Kothadiya S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12810492 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature