Remodeling of <i>XIST</i> regulatory landscape during primate evolution.

ABSTRACT: Unraveling how gene regulations are remodeled during evolution is central to understanding how biological processes evolve. We explored this question in the frame of X-chromosome inactivation, a process under strong selective constraint, governed by the XIST lncRNA and its cis-regulators. Using functional approaches on closely related primate species, we show that XIST regulation has uniquely diverged over a short evolutionary timescale. In human and marmoset embryonic stem cells (ESCs), the JPX lncRNA gene is a major regulator of XIST expression. In contrast, JPX has a minor effect on XIST in macaque ESCs, where it acts together with a macaque-specific enhancer. This occurs within a reshuffled 3D organization of the XIST neighborhood trigge

SUBMITTER: Cazottes E 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12810636 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature