Prediction of primary human targets and toxicity mechanisms of imidacloprid using integrative <i>In Silico</i> approaches.

ABSTRACT: Imidacloprid is frequently detected as a residue in food commodities, raising concerns about potential human health risks. Previous findings remain fragmented, and no study has systematically elucidated the primary human target organs and underlying mechanisms using an integrative systems toxicology framework. We applied a human-specific network toxicology approach to characterize imidacloprid-induced toxicity comprehensively. By integrating target prediction and ADME/toxicity models (ADMETlab 3.0, admetSAR 3.0, and ProTox 3.0), the study identified three primary human-relevant toxicity endpoints (respiratory toxicity, liver injury, and genotoxicity/carcinogenicity). Protein-protein interaction, GO, and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that MAPK, NF-κB, JAK-STAT, UPR-ER stress, and Wnt signa

SUBMITTER: Boonyong C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12811236 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature