Sportive agoraphobia: scale development and validation.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

The present study aimed to develop a valid and reliable instrument, the Sportive Agoraphobia Scale (SAS) to measure individuals' anxiety and avoidance behaviors related to social visibility, body image, and evaluative concerns in physical activity settings.

Methods

Conducted within the general survey model, data were collected from 352 participants in four provinces of Türkiye. The scale development followed an established eight-step framework. An initial pool of 30 items was reduced to 24 based on expert feedback, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) identified a three-factor structure: (1) Psychosocial Participation Anxiety, (2) Social Evaluation Anxiety, and (3) Body Image-Based Anxiety. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted after removing four it

SUBMITTER: Celebi M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12813173 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature