Sweat sodium composition and sweat loss estimation through wearable sensors and predictive equations in dry and humid hot conditions.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Individualized sweat testing is essential for tailoring hydration and nutrition strategies, as water and sodium losses during exercise vary greatly across athletes. The validity of a wearable sweat sensor (S1, Flowbio) and a handheld analyzer (LAQUAtwin, Horiba Advanced Techno) for measuring sweat sodium concentration ([Na⁺]) was tested against flame photometry (FP). Additionally, whole body sweat loss (WBSL) estimated by the S1 and by a sweat rate calculator (SRC) was compared to the scale-based method.

Methods

Twenty-three recreationally active participants (11 males, 12 females) completed two sessions in hot and dry (40 °C, 36% rh) and hot and humid (30 °C, 81% rh) controlled environmental conditions on a cycling ergometer (74 ± 12 min, 1.9 ± 0.4 W

SUBMITTER: Bandiera D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12813213 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature