4D-printed Fe3O4-PLLA scaffolds modulate osteoimmune microenvironment for oral bone repair.

ABSTRACT: Craniomaxillofacial bone repair remains a major clinical challenge. Conventional static scaffolds, which retain a fixed geometry after implantation, lack adaptability to complex and irregular defects. In contrast, 4D-printed shape-memory polymer (SMP) scaffolds enable minimally invasive delivery and stimuli-responsive shape adaptation in vivo. When combined with traditional Chinese medicinal monomers, these scaffolds circumvent the immunogenicity of conventional growth factors, reduce treatment costs, and facilitate slow release when loaded into a hydrogel. In this study, naringin-loaded methacrylated chitosan (CSMA) was integrated with 4D-printed Fe₃O₄-PLLA scaffolds to construct hybrid systems featuring long-term drug release and magnetically controlled shape

SUBMITTER: Song W 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12813247 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature