Redefinition of the toll-like receptor repertoire in <i>Ciona robusta</i> through genomic, structural, and expression analyses.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential components of innate immunity, mediating the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) through extracellular leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains and initiating signaling via intracellular Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains. In the ascidian Ciona robusta, two canonical TLRs (CiTLR1 and CiTLR2) and several putative TLR-like genes (TLR3, -4, -6, -7, -13) have been annotated; however, their authenticity has remained uncertain due to limited structural and functional validation.

Methods

we systematically reanalyzed the Ciona genome using the latest nearly complete assembly (HT genome) in combination with domain prediction, three-dimensional structural modeling, and transcriptomic expression

SUBMITTER: Shiraishi A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12816324 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature