Posttraumatic stress disorder, major depression, and mild cognitive impairment: A cohort study of world trade center responders.

ABSTRACT:

Background

World Trade Center (WTC) responders have elevated risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive episodes (MDEs), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In a sample of 337 WTC responders from the Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY), we estimated the proportion of MCI cases explained by PTSD and MDE.

Methods

We fit quasi-Poisson regressions, adjusting for covariates, to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and population-attributable fractions (PAFs), and explored associations between a symptom count and MCI, as well as individual cognitive tests.

Measures

PTSD and MDE were diagnosed with the SCID-5. MCI was defined algorithmically using objective testing (HVLT subtests, COWA, SDMT, TMT-A/B), self-reported concern (CFI >0), and excluding sever

SUBMITTER: Mann FD 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12817340 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature