Association of metal and metalloid exposure with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: mediation by inflammation, oxidative stress, and aging.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Metal and metalloid exposure has been linked to various health impairments; however, its association with Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome has not been systematically investigated. This study aims to evaluate this relationship.

Methods

This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 1999-2018. Urinary concentrations of nine metal and metalloid species (barium, cadmium, cobalt, cesium, molybdenum, lead, antimony, thallium, and tungsten) were examined. Weighted multinomial logistic regression was used to assess associations between individual metals and CKM syndrome stages. Additionally, mixture models including quantile g-computation (Qgcomp), weighted quantile sum (WQS), and Bayesia

SUBMITTER: Zhang S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12817408 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature