Combined prostate cancer vaccine plus immune checkpoint inhibition synergizes to eliminate prostate cancer.

ABSTRACT: Immunotherapy has improved outcomes in many cancers, yet the clinical benefits remain limited in prostate cancer. We evaluated whether an adenovirus-based bivalent prostate cancer vaccine (Ad-PS2) targeting two tumor antigens could be strengthened by combination with immune checkpoint blockade. Using immunocompetent mouse models, we found that Ad-PS2 combined with low-dose anti-CTLA4 generated robust anti-tumor immunity capable of eliminating established tumors, exceeding the effects of either treatment alone. Tumor-free mice resisted subsequent tumor rechallenge, indicating durable immune protection. Tumor analysis revealed a significant increase in intratumor CD8⁺ T cell infiltration with Ad-PS2 and anti-CTLA4, whereas anti-PD1 alone produced minimal infiltration and, with the

SUBMITTER: Carreno-Galeano G 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12818091 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature