An affordable and optimized 3D biomodel for sinonasal surgery training.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

To develop and evaluate the anatomical accuracy and haptic fidelity of an affordable kit consisting of a silicone head, a foam support, and a 3D-printed biomodel of the paranasal sinuses for surgical training.

Methods

This single-center, technological, and interventional study detailed the development of a human sinus biomodel. Its anatomical and haptic evaluation was conducted by ten senior rhinologists, who performed 37 standard surgical tasks. Participants rated similarity to fresh cadaveric dissection on a 5-point Likert scale. Computed tomographic images were converted into a standard tessellation file through a combination of automatic and manual segmentation. This file was then used in a 3D printer to create the biomodel, which was customized with a red sil

SUBMITTER: Antonio MA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12818127 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature