Pan-cancer gene signature analysis of macrophage polarization and compound prediction for reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages toward M1-like macrophages.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Resting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are stimulated by the tumor microenvironment and can be primarily polarized into two subtypes: M1-and M2-like. M1-like TAMs promote inflammation and eradicate tumor cells, whereas M2-like TAMs suppress inflammation and facilitate tumor development. However, the mechanisms underlying phenotypic switching in these macrophages remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the gene expression profiles of M1-like and M2-like TAMs in pan cancers.

Methods

Three computational methods were used to estimate the infiltration score of TAMs in 9239 tumor samples across 31 solid cancer types, based on RNA sequencing databases. Tumor samples were divided into high- and low-score groups based on the median M1/M2 ratio. Furthermore

SUBMITTER: Liu X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12818233 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature