Integrated amplification of NADPH-regenerating modules enhances cytidine biosynthesis in <i>Escherichia coli</i>.

ABSTRACT: In Escherichia coli, cofactor imbalance serves as a crucial limiting factor in cytidine biosynthesis, with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) insufficiency representing the principal metabolic barrier. To overcome this limitation, an integrated engineering strategy targeting the enhancement of NADPH metabolism was implemented. Via CRISPR-Cas9-mediated multiplex genomic editing and strong constitutive promoter replacement, three NADPH-regenerating modules were concurrently enhanced: the membrane-bound transhydrogenase (pntAB), the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (zwf-encoded glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), and the decarboxylation shunt (gnd-encoded 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase). After 54-hour fermentation in 500 mL shake flasks, the c

SUBMITTER: Liu L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12819057 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature