Active LXR signaling, coupled with elevated mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolism contributes to GM-CSF-induced trained immunity.

ABSTRACT: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) contributes to the host defense and the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases at least in part through inducing trained immunity (TI), however, the mechanism remains poorly characterized. In this paper, we systematically investigated the associated metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming, with a particular focus on the role of liver X receptors (LXRs) in this process. We employed a comprehensive experimental approach, including in vitro isolation and purification of human monocytes from healthy donors, cytokine assays, quantitative PCR, Seahorse metabolic analysis, flow cytometry, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), shotgun lipidomics, as well as transcriptomic data analysis to investigate GM-CSF-induced trained immunity. Our r

SUBMITTER: Liu Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12819694 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature