Deciphering the immunomodulatory mechanisms of <i>Periplaneta americana L.</i> extract CII-3: insight from integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Periplaneta americana L. is one of the most famous traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), and CII-3 is the major bioactive extract of Periplaneta americana L. In recent years, CII-3 has gradually attracted the attention of researchers for its powerful capacity for treating immunocompromised diseases. However, systematical chemical composition investigation and mechanisms on immunomodulation of CII-3 have not been thoroughly scrutinized.

Methods

The chemical ingredients of CII-3 were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS), and immune-enhancing mechanisms and active constituents were investigated by integration of metabolomics with network pharmacology and mo

SUBMITTER: Wang Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12819709 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature