The negative impact of neurodevelopmental disorders and multiple co-occurring conditions on academic performance of school-age children and adolescents.

ABSTRACT: Students with neurodevelopmental disorders (ND) are at risk for academic impairment. However, the pervasive co-occurrence among these conditions has rarely been considered when evaluating this association. This study examined whether intellectual disabilities (ID), communication disorders, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), specific learning disorder (SLD), and motor disorders were related to academic outcomes. Parents and teachers completed standardized screening instruments for mental health problems and learning difficulties. Children who screened positive were interviewed for diagnostic confirmation according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, while students who screened negative served as controls. Academic perfo

SUBMITTER: Pagerols M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12820112 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature