Contraceptive-induced menstrual changes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Contraceptive-induced menstrual changes (CIMCs) contribute substantially to women's dissatisfaction with and discontinuation of contraceptives. We summarised evidence on the prevalence, health impact, treatment, and barriers to accessing treatment for CIMC in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods

Nine databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, PsycINFO, Global Health, Global Index Medicus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus) were systematically searched for studies published from January 1, 2000, to December 16, 2024. Eligible studies included reproductive-age women (15-49 years) using any modern contraceptive (excluding barrier and permanent methods) in LMICs. Findings were categorised according to the World Health Organization's Belsey definitions of freque

SUBMITTER: Makama M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12820136 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature