Development and Comparability of Internalizing and Externalizing Symptom Spectra From Adolescence to Young Adulthood.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

This study examines the continuity and comparability of internalizing and externalizing symptom spectra from adolescence to young adulthood, addressing measurement challenges across developmental stages. Leveraging the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) framework, it explores whether symptom spectra in adolescence predict corresponding symptoms in young adulthood.

Methods

Data were drawn from JEPSY, a follow-up of the national KiGGS cohort (N = 2172, age 18-26). Adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms were assessed via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and substance use items. Adult outcomes included the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4), DSM-5 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure (DSM-5 CC), and Personality Inventory for DSM

SUBMITTER: Birgel V 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12820720 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature