Additively Manufactured Bioreactors for Scaffold-Coupled Electrical Stimulation.

ABSTRACT: Electrical stimulation (ES) modulates diverse cellular processes, yet in vitro platforms often lack precision, scalability, and compatibility with 3D bioscaffolds. We present a modular bioreactor system that delivers low-voltage, bioscaffold-coupled ES via conductive graphene foam, enabling real-time waveform monitoring and live cell imaging. Components were fabricated using low-cost stereolithography with BioMed Clear resin and validated through mechanical, chemical, and cytocompatibility analyses. Printed parts exhibited high dimensional accuracy, retained mechanical integrity post-sterilization, and supported >90% cell viability. Electrical measurements confirmed ohmic behavior and signal fidelity under physiological conditions. Calcium imaging revealed a >230% fluorescence incre

SUBMITTER: Sawyer M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12820958 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature