Microalgae-Derived Extracellular Vesicle-Loaded 3D Alginate Hydrogels Promote In Vitro Skin and Bone Repair through Dual Fibroblast and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Modulation.

ABSTRACT: Chronic skin wounds with underlying bone exposure represent a major clinical challenge, characterized by impaired healing and limited tissue regeneration. Sustainable, biologically active biomaterials capable of addressing both cutaneous and bone repair remain highly desirable. Here, we developed three-dimensional (3D) printed sodium alginate (SA) and alginate/hydroxyapatite (SA/HAP) hydrogels incorporating microalgae-derived extracellular vesicles (MdEVs) obtained fromEttlia oleoabundans. The constructs were characterized for their mechanical, structural, and biological properties, and evaluated in vitro using human dermal fibroblasts (hDFs) and mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The printed hydrogels exhibited a well-defined architecture, mechanical stability, and high biocompatibili

SUBMITTER: De Cesare N 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12820966 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature