Sustainable magnesium doped nanofibrillated cellulose/bentonite composite for enhanced phosphate removal: process optimization and mechanistic insights.

ABSTRACT: Excessive accumulation of phosphate anions in aquatic systems accelerates ecological degradation and threatens both environmental quality and public health. In this study, we developed magnesium-doped nanofibrillated cellulose/bentonite (Mg@NFC/BN) composite through a facile in situ modification, yielding a cellulose-clay hybrid with enhanced anion affinity. The optimized composite exhibited maximum phosphate adsorption capacity of 19.2 mg g^-1 and removal efficiency of 88.6%. The adsorption process attained equilibrium within 90 min, following pseudo-second-order kinetics and conforming to Langmuir isotherm behaviour, while thermodynamic analysis indicated a spontaneous and exothermic mechanism. The synthesized adsorbent remained effective across a wide pH range, with str

SUBMITTER: Pandey A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12821129 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature