Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma-A Systematic Review.

ABSTRACT: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is an immunogenic malignancy with variable immune infiltration and inconsistent responses to checkpoint blockade. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) influence tumor progression and therapeutic outcome, yet their phenotypic and functional diversity across disease contexts remains incompletely understood. This review systematically characterizes the TIL landscape in human cSCC. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, PubMed and Embase were searched up to May 2025 and restricted to studies evaluating tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in human cSCC, using the modified Newcatle-Ottawa score to assess risk of bias. Data were synthesized qualitatively given methodological heterogeneity. 48 studies met inclusion criteria. cSCCs exhibited dense CD3⁺ inf

SUBMITTER: Loo LY 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12821468 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature