Joint association of low muscle mass and mild anemia with all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality among US middle and older adults.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Low muscle mass (LMM) and mild anemia (MA) are prevalent yet often overlooked conditions in middle-aged and older adults, each independently associated with adverse health outcomes. However, evidence regarding their combined effect on mortality remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the joint association of LMM and MA with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in a national sample of U.S. adults.

Methods

We analyzed data from 10,313 participants aged 45 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2006 and 2011-2018, with mortality follow-up through December 2019. LMM was defined using appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASM/BMI), and MA was classified based on hemoglobin levels according to WHO c

SUBMITTER: Peng SQ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12821910 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature