The First Review on Nano-Agricultural Applications of MXene and MBene-Based Materials for Plant-Immunoengineering, Controlled Protection, and Inducing Biostimulation Mechanisms.

ABSTRACT: Producing quality food crops with a focus on climate and environmental improvement policies has become central to modern farming and sustainability strategies. However, the rising world population and food demand have region-dependently pushed these boundaries to the overuse of agrochemical inputs. These include plant antimicrobials, pesticides, and soil fertilizers, applied to boost crop yields, reaching a critical juncture. The reliance on agrochemicals has been proven effective in priming, plant growth, and enhancing defense/resistance to biotic stressors, such as phytopathogens and invasive organisms, as well as abiotic pressures, including heat, drought, salinity, and light stress, by increasing nutrient absorption and innate immunity or adaptive stress resistance. However, increasing

SUBMITTER: Rafieerad A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12822536 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature