The oral-gut axis in chronic atrophic gastritis: current perspectives and integrated strategies.

ABSTRACT: Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is a key precursor to gastric cancer, characterized by progressive mucosal atrophy, inflammation, and microbial dysbiosis. The Correa cascade model highlights Helicobacter pylori as a primary driver, progressing from gastritis to atrophy, intestinal metaplasia (IM), dysplasia, and malignancy. However, 20%-30% of CAG cases lack H. pylori involvement, emphasizing the roles of non-H. pylori microbial dysbiosis, environmental factors, and the oral-gut axis in disease progression. Oral microbes, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, translocate to the stomach, amplifying inflammation through NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin pathways and altering metabolites like short-chain fatty acids and trimethylamine N-oxide. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-

SUBMITTER: Zha T 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12823898 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature