Natural products targeting the immune-metabolic regulatory network in pulmonary hypertension: mechanisms, classification, and therapeutic prospects.

ABSTRACT: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance, whose pathological process is closely related to the crosstalk between immune dysregulation and metabolic remodeling, forming a complex immune-metabolic regulatory network. The abnormal activation and polarization of innate immune cells, as well as the imbalance and autoreactivity of the adaptive immune system, jointly drive the pulmonary vascular inflammatory response. Metabolic reprogramming of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, pulmonary artery endothelial cells, and others provides the energy and material basis for abnormal proliferation of vascular cells. Abnormal products generated by metabolic disorders can regulate energy metabolism of immune cells and infl

SUBMITTER: Ma J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12824024 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature