Integrative Metabolomics of Targeted and Nontargeted Analyses in T2D Progression.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

This study aimed to identify metabolites characterizing the progression from normal glucose metabolism (NORM) to prediabetes (PreT2D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), focusing on stage-specific metabolic shifts (early: NORM to PreT2D; late: PreT2D to T2D) and mechanistic relevance.

Research design and methods

We analyzed 8,240 observations from the KORA cohort, profiling 104 targeted and 312 nontargeted metabolites across three time points: baseline (S4) and follow-ups (F4 and FF4) spanning 14 years. Trajectory analyses of 1,050 individuals identified 211 incident PreT2D and 112 incident T2D cases. Linear mixed-effects models (basic: adjusted for age, sex, BMI, lifestyle; sensitivity: additionally adjusted for glycemic factors like fasting glucose, and cardiovascular fac

SUBMITTER: Ge J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12824783 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature