Differential Longitudinal Effects of Glucose-Lowering Medications on Glucagon and C-peptide Responses in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE).

ABSTRACT:

Objective

To determine the longitudinal effects on α-cell function of four classes of glucose-lowering agents added to metformin in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Research design and methods

In a multicenter, randomized study, 5,047 participants ≥30 years of age with type 2 diabetes taking 1,000-2,000 mg metformin daily, HbA1c 6.8%-8.5%, were randomized to receive insulin glargine U100, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin. In a subset of 724 participants, baseline and longitudinal measures of α-cell function were assessed as the fasting glucagon concentration and change in glucagon from fasting to 30 min following oral glucose (glucagon index [GGI]). Whether these measures and those of β-cell function (fasting C-peptide and C-peptide index [CPI]) were related to the prima

SUBMITTER: Kahn SE 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12824799 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature