Activated Carbon from Banana Pseudostem: Multivariate Optimization of Synthesis and Adsorption Study for Phosphorus Removal.

ABSTRACT: This work aimed to develop a high-surface-area activated carbon using banana pseudostem as precursor and zinc chloride as a chemical activator, with synthesis conditions optimized via a central composite rotational design (CCRD) for phosphate adsorption. The resulting banana pseudostem activated carbon (BPAC) exhibited an exceptionally high specific surface area of 2415 m² g^-1, obtained at activation temperature (AT) of 400 °C, 2:1 impregnation ratio (IR), and pyrolysis time (PT) of 1 h in an air atmosphere muffle furnace. This result exceeds the CCRD-predicted value (1037 m² g^-1), highlighting the importance of post-pyrolysis factors, such as the duration of contact with the HCl soaking solution employed during the biochar cleaning stage. The pH

SUBMITTER: de Souza Luz Faria M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12824967 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature