Dual-parameter sequential ultrasound irradiation with oxygen-loaded microbubbles induces vascular normalization to potentiate sonodynamic therapy in breast cancer.

ABSTRACT: The efficacy of sonodynamic ther cancer is limited by tumor hypoxia and the constrained bio-effects of single-parameter ultrasound. To address this, an optimized SDT strategy was established with microbubbles loaded with Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and oxygen (CMO) and a dual-parameter sequential ultrasound irradiation mode, which begins with a cavitation-inducing ultrasound (US_ca, 0.6 W/cm²) to normalize tumor vasculature and alleviates hypoxia, then followed by a sonochemical-activating ultrasound (US_sc, 1.4 W/cm²) to elicit potent tumor cell killing effect. It was demonstrated by cellular experiments that US_ca facilitated the release of oxygen and Ce6, allowing US_sc to exert maximal cytotoxicity effect. In vivo, US_ca pret

SUBMITTER: Zhang Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12825070 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature