Effectiveness of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation for lower limb rehabilitation in spinal cord injury: a systematic review.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in devastating motor and sensory deficits below the level of injury. Transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) has emerged as a promising non-invasive neuromodulation technique for improving motor function in individuals with SCI. However, the effectiveness of tSCS for lower limb rehabilitation remains unclear.

Objective

To systematically review the effectiveness of tSCS for improving lower limb motor function, walking ability, spasticity, and functional independence in individuals with SCI.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) from inception to March 2025. We included randomized controlled tri

SUBMITTER: Shankar R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12825209 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature