Rethinking Strategies for a Pharmaceutical Approach to Pain Related to Connective Tissue-Related Raynaud Phenomenon in the United States.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

There are no US Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies for Raynaud phenomenon (RP) in the United States. Clinical trials have been challenged by study design. Important advances in RP patient-reported outcome measures and mechanistic quantification allow RP-related pain characterization. The rationale for this narrative review is current RP treatment guidelines that focus on vasodilation.

Methods

The question of why there are limitations to RP treatment in the United States is addressed through a comprehensive search strategy of published RP treatment guidelines up until September 1, 2025. Search databases included Medline (PubMed), Embase, and Scopus for the index terms "Raynaud's phenomenon treatment guidelines." If a society guideline was updated, only

SUBMITTER: Frech TM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12826088 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature