Advancing electric bus transit system optimization with bus rotation across routes.

ABSTRACT: Battery electric buses (BEBs) face significant operational constraints that limit their flexibility, especially in rotating vehicles across multiple routes. This study focuses on addressing this limitation by introducing a strategic modelling approach that incorporates BEB rotation as a decision variable into an integrated planning optimization model. The proposed model jointly determines the optimal bus-to-route assignments, charging infrastructure siting and sizing, battery capacities, and charging schedules while accounting for electricity real-time pricing (RTP) rates, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions charges, and battery degradation. Results of a real-world transit network demonstrate that enabling BEB rotation in the planning phase reduces total system costs by 37.88%, with a 12.18% re

SUBMITTER: Shehabeldeen A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12827050 | biostudies-literature | 2026

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature