Primary SARS-CoV-2 exposure by vaccination or infection shapes immune responses to omicron variants among a Spanish cohort.

ABSTRACT: The comparison between vaccine-induced and infection-acquired adaptive immunity, and their co-occurrence -referred to as "hybrid immunity"- is of great interest and remains an area with significant knowledge gaps. Given that most of the population already has hybrid immunity to COVID-19, a key question is whether the order of infection-acquired and vaccine-induced immunity affects the immune response. Here, we analyze the humoral and T-cell responses in a Spanish cohort with longitudinal blood sampling spanning 2020-2023. We observe higher anti-RBD antibody levels against Omicron in individuals initially exposed to SARS-CoV-2 antigens via vaccination compared to those first exposed through natural infection. This difference diminishes with an increasing number of exposures. The dynamics of

SUBMITTER: Ranzani O 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12827448 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature