Ubiquitin D Promotes Lung Metastasis by Stabilizing MMP3 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

ABSTRACT: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a notably aggressive form of breast cancer, distinguished by heightened invasiveness and an important propensity for metastasis. The expression of ubiquitin D (UBD) is significantly increased in lung metastases associated with TNBC, correlating with unfavorable patient outcomes. Functional assays indicate that UBD promotes invasion, migration, and pulmonary colonization of TNBC cells in vivo. At the mechanistic level, UBD preserves matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) levels by inhibiting proteasomal degradation. A proteomic analysis has identified MMP3 as a crucial downstream mediator of UBD. Concurrently, chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays demonstrate that the Spi-B transcription factor (SPIB) directly interacts with

SUBMITTER: Xu R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12828796 | biostudies-literature | 2026

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature