Thymic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Evolving Insights and Innovative Approaches.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Thymic neuroendocrine tumors (TNENs) are exceptionally rare and a clinically heterogeneous malignancy, often diagnosed at an advanced stage and lacking standardized treatment algorithms. Due to the scarcity of dedicated evidence, most therapeutic strategies are extrapolated from other neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Methods

This narrative review provides an updated overview of current and emerging treatment approaches for TNENs, focusing on histology-driven strategies and the evolving role of targeted and radionuclide therapies. A comprehensive literature search was conducted through PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase from January 1, 2000, up to May 31, 2025, integrating retrospective series, real-world data, and ongoing clinical trials.

Results

Surgical resection remai

SUBMITTER: Pietroluongo E 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12828808 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature