The risk of all-cause injury and site-specific injury in athletes after concussion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Objective

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the risk of subsequent all-cause, recurrent concussion, upper extremity, and lower extremity injuries in athletes with a history of sport-related concussion.

Methods

Following PRISMA guidelines, cohort studies published from inception through August 2025 were retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and EBSCO. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. Pre-specified subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted to investigate sources of heterogeneity, including injury timing, study design, sport type, and athlete co

SUBMITTER: Liao M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12828952 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature