Thirty-one-year trends in diarrheal mortality and disability-adjusted life years attributable to lack of handwashing facilities.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Diarrheal diseases remain a major global public health challenge. Hand hygiene is one of the most cost-effective interventions for preventing the transmission of diarrheal diseases. However, billions of people around the world still lack access to soap and handwashing facilities.

Methods

Using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, we quantified the burden of diarrhea attributable to a lack of access to handwashing facilities across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. We assessed disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs), stratified by age, sex, Sociodemographic Index (SDI), and GBD region. Long-term trends were analyzed using age-standardized rates (ASRs) and estimated annual

SUBMITTER: Li F 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12829192 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature