Formic acid-sulfide synergistic aging kinetics and nanometer titanium dioxide modification mechanism in oil-immersed transformer insulation system.

ABSTRACT: This study investigates the synergistic aging effects of formic acid and sulfides on oil-immersed transformer insulation systems and explores the mitigating role of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles. A series of multi-factor coupled accelerated aging experiments were conducted under controlled ambient conditions (25 ± 3 °C) to monitor the mechanical strength of insulating paper and the dielectric breakdown voltage of insulating oil. Results show that formic acid is the dominant agent in early-stage degradation, causing a sharp 63.88% drop in tensile strength within 30 days due to catalytic hydrolysis, followed by partial recovery to 50% of the initial value through crosslinking of degradation products. Notably, the coexistence of formic acid and powdered sulfur causes severe synergisti

SUBMITTER: Gao Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12829876 | biostudies-literature | 2026

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature