Exposure to Cadmium and Cerebrovascular Mortality in the United States.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Cerebrovascular diseases are a leading cause of death in the U.S., and emerging evidence suggests that environmental toxicants such as cadmium may contribute to cerebrovascular risk. This study investigates the association between cadmium exposure and cerebrovascular mortality in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults.

Methods

We analyzed data from adults aged ≥40 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2016 cycles, with mortality follow-up through 2019. Blood cadmium was measured in 23,455 participants, and urinary cadmium was measured in 8,929 participants. Cerebrovascular deaths were identified through linkage with the National Death Index. Survey-weighted Cox proportional hazards models evaluated associations betw

SUBMITTER: Wang X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12830036 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature