Frameless robotic stereotactic brain biopsy workflow with CT-MRI fusion and CT-to-fluoroscopy registration: Step-by-step technical note and early experience.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Stereotactic brain biopsy is a widely used procedure for the histopathological and molecular diagnosis of different types of brain lesions. While frame-based techniques remain highly accurate, frameless neuronavigation and robotic platforms have progressively streamlined workflow and standardization. Practical, reproducible registration strategies are key to facilitate safe implementation across centers.

Research question

We describe a frameless, robot-assisted stereotactic brain biopsy workflow based on preoperative CT-MRI fusion and intraoperative fiducial-free CT-to-fluoroscopy registration, and report technical considerations for reproducible adoption.

Material and methods

A robot-assisted brain biopsy was performed on a patient with a right frontal b

SUBMITTER: Taravilla-Loma M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12830220 | biostudies-literature | 2026

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature