Characterization of the different volatile organic compounds in human and ruminant milk using electronic nose analysis and headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

ABSTRACT: To explore variations in the volatile components of milk originating from various species and to explain the material basis of their odor differences, electronic nose analysis coupled with headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS) was employed to analyze the characteristics of human, sheep, goat, and cow milk. It was found that human milk exhibited larger response values to the broadrange and sulfur-chlor sensors, while sheep milk exhibited a large response value to the broad-methane sensor. The concentrations of dodecanoic acid, n-decanoic acid, and octanoic acid were significantly higher in human milk than in the sheep, cow, and goat milk. Moreover, it was deduced that a range of the detected volatile organic compounds were involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway.

SUBMITTER: Zhu Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12830282 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature