Chronic neurostimulation of splenic nerve enabled by hydrogel-bioelectronics for wireless electroceutical immunomodulation therapy.

ABSTRACT: Targeted modulation of the splenic nerve offers a selective alternative to vagus nerve stimulation, avoiding off-target activation of mixed vagal fibers. However, the small diameter and anatomical complexity of the splenic nerve pose great challenges for stable neural interfacing. Here, we report a splenic nerve wireless stimulator (SpNWS) built from stretchable and highly conductive hydrogel for chronic electroceutical immunomodulation therapy. The hydrogel-fiber neural electrodes conform to the geometries of splenic neurovascular bundles (SNVBs) and are secured using a bioadhesive approach, without inducing fibrosis or immune activation in SNVBs. SpNWSs deliver wireless stimulation using subcutaneously implanted hydrogel thin film as battery-free powering electrodes with a capacitive-cou

SUBMITTER: Liu W 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12831029 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature