Racial and ethnic differences in COVID-19 infection and vaccine uptake across multiple waves of the pandemic in Southeast Michigan: a retrospective cohort study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic revealed significant racial and ethnic disparities in the United States, yet limited data exist for Middle Eastern or Arab (MEA) ethnic group. We aimed to assess COVID-19 infection and vaccine rates among MEA and other racial and ethnic groups across multiple waves of the pandemic.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients who visited eight emergency departments (EDs) within a large Southeast Michigan healthcare system during the first 2 years of the pandemic. Five pandemic waves were defined: Initial (pre-October 2020), Holiday (October 2020-March 2021), Alpha (March 2021-June 2021), Delta (June 2021-December 2021), and Omicron (December 2021-June 2022). Chi-squared tests assessed infection differences, while logist

SUBMITTER: Sidahmed E 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12832436 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature