Nanoconfinement-induced high-rate performance of hard carbon for densified sodium cluster storage.

ABSTRACT: Hard carbon is recognized as a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries, but its practical application is constrained by low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE), insufficient reversible capacity, and poor rate performance, which are rooted in inadequate pseudo-graphitic domain structure and uncontrolled sodium cluster formation. Herein, we propose a nanoconfinement strategy via graphene orientation-guided graphitization to achieve high-rate performance of cellulose-derived hard carbon. The oxygen-functional groups on graphene form a stable cross-linking structure with cellulose to suppress disordered defects, while the sp²-hybridized carbon skeleton guides the directional arrangement of carbon layers, synergistically constructing a confined structure with abundant

SUBMITTER: Chen L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12834045 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature