Reliability of Gemini 2.5 Pro, ChatGPT 4.1, DeepSeek V3, and Claude Opus 4 in generating standardized CMR protocols.

ABSTRACT: Artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into radiology, offering new possibilities for advanced imaging techniques, including cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). This proof-of-concept study assessed four high-performing LLMs (Gemini 2.5 Pro, ChatGPT 4.1, DeepSeek V3, and Claude Opus 4) on their ability to generate CMR protocols for 140 hypothetical cardiac cases. AI-generated protocols were compared against a reference standard established by a consensus between two experienced cardiovascular radiologists, following the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) recommendations. Descriptive statistics were used to quantify the concordance of LLM-generated sequences with the SCMR guidelines. Statistical agreement was measured

SUBMITTER: Licu RA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12834875 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature