Cross-sectional associations between CES-D scores and the salivary metabolome in nonclinical adults.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Depression represents a major global disease burden. While the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is widely used, it relies on subjective self-reporting. Saliva enables non-invasive metabolite analysis, but existing metabolomics studies have focused on clinical depression using blood or urine, with limited investigation of salivary metabolites in community populations. This study investigated associations between CES-D scores and salivary metabolite concentrations in Tokyo residents.

Methods

This cross-sectional study collected CES-D responses and morning saliva samples from Tokyo residents. Salivary metabolites were analyzed using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Statistical analyses included permutational multiva

SUBMITTER: Kubo Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12835479 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature