Comparative analysis of OECD guideline data and Tox21 assays to improve reproductive and developmental toxicity prediction.

ABSTRACT: Reproductive and developmental toxicities pose major challenges in chemical safety evaluation because adverse effects can span generations. Conventional in vivo OECD Test Guideline (TG) assays provide robust hazard characterization but require large animal cohorts and extended study periods. In this study, datasets from OECD TG-compliant studies were compiled to identify the mechanistic drivers of toxicity. To complement these data, we integrated high-throughput in vitro results from the U.S. Tox21 program, which evaluates > 10,000 chemicals in human cell-based assays targeting nuclear receptor modulation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. By aligning OECD TG outcomes with Tox21 profiles, we assessed the associations between in vivo reproductive/developmental toxicity and in vitro mechanis

SUBMITTER: Kwon HJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12835525 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature